I am very thankful to have found your work. A vast number of early manuscripts were destroyed in the early persecutions of the Church. It gets copied and ends up in other manuscripts. To support this statement, White appealed to Kurt & Barbara Alands similar statement: Once a variant or a new reading enters the tradition it refuses to disappear, persisting (if only in a few manuscripts) and perpetuating itself through the centuries. The modern NA27 and NA28 are closer to Westcott & Horts 1881 text than the NA25. Try shaping your theology to the words of God, instead of what you are now doing, and I believe you will get a better understanding of just Who our Lord is and His power to save, even whores and people like you and me. It put a ton of accurate info in one place. We have to assume that the original was a medium [= vulgate] text The longer texts were gradually shaken out: leads us to assume a medium text or vulgate in existence during the whole time of the hand-transmission of Homer, This consideration revives the view that the Homeric vulgate was in existence before the Alexandrian period [Such]. (Assuming they had multiple manuscripts to choose from.). from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1946 and taught there for five years. The shorter form in Homer is considered to reflect Alexandrian critical know-how and scholarly revision applied to the text; the Alexandrian text of the NT is clearly shorter, has apparent Alexandrian connections, and may well reflect recensional activity. But the word of our God stands forever.. (or which version of the TR if you mean the TR?). God will keep them (His words) by setting him (the man) in safety like He said He would in verse 5. Thank you for this article. Paul, just because the NKJV is more elegant in rendering lifeblood instead of blood or bloodshed instead of shed blood does not support the nonsensical argument that the NKJV deleted words. When also, according to another prophetic word, Contempt was poured out upon rulers, and he caused them to wander in an untrodden and pathless way., It was in the nineteenth year of the reign of Diocletian, in the month Dystrus, called March by the Romans, when the feast of the Saviours passion was near at hand, thatroyal edicts were published everywhere, commanding that the churches be leveled to the ground and the Scriptures be destroyed by fire,and ordering that those who held places of honor be degraded, and that the household servants, if they persisted in the profession of Christianity, be deprived of freedom.. Its so well known, its often just called Westcott & Hort. The symbolic head covering cannot be placed over/upon a mans head but rather it must be placed over/upon a womans head. Some say Septuagint, and others say the Masoretic Text. (Because the previous word ends with an n sound). But I could not get them to yield up possession of the remainder. Lets look at Isaiah 40:8 first. From that point forward, the Roman Catholic Church preferred to keep their manuscript tradition in Latin rather than Greek. Does the difference affect doctrine or anything, When comparing how the NT authors quoted the OT it seems they favored the LXX, most quotes being taken word for word from the LXX, , , , , . Again, it simply doesnt matter which is original because theres no impact on meaning. (against more than 5,000 copies favoring the Textus Receptus). It depends on God and His Word. The grass withers, We must receive the Gospel message under the gracious influence of the Holy Spirit which brings the faith that gives Salvation. All who will receive Him (meaning through Gods grace are given faith to accept Him as Savior, Lord, and God of their life) are saved from the condemnation of their sins. Many times Jesus said, It is written. d. Therefore, we will refer to the two lineages based on their origins: Antioch/Antiochian and Alexandria/Alexandrian. I had concluded before reading this that the Byzantine texts are likely the more accurate ones, since the Alexandrian texts have far more frequent errors and deviations between the copies. Consequently, their New Testament relied heavily on the two earliest (nearly) complete manuscripts we have: Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus, which well look at in detail shortly, Since these were the two oldest (nearly) complete texts available at the time, Westcott & Hort gave them tremendous weight. Thank you. . Since the rules are so central to their philosophy, well take some time to examine them. You could translate it will by no means be voided from the law. Thus, I treat it as my personal opinion. Great attitude also, I appreciate your openness. I have yet to hear of a person who holds the Confessional Position who doesnt chose the Textus Receptus as the text that was kept pure in all ages. This also applies to manuscript families. I want to save you the embarrassment of standing before God having led others astray. You can see his New Testament at a French website by an internet search. Not only has His Word been preserved, but it is the only source of divine truth and wisdom. Is this true? Only WEB has a 14:24-26. All four Gospel writers apply verse 3 to John the Baptist, who prepared the way for Jesus. There is a doctrinal position that is held by many theologians which can be summarized with this statement: We can no more touch the preserved Word of God than we can the incarnate Christ. From your following statement, it seems clear that this is the position you take. One of the major underpinnings for the Majority Text theory is that scribes will generally choose to copy better manuscripts over worse manuscripts. And so saying, he took down from the corner of the room a bulky kind of volume, wrapped up in a red cloth, and laid it before me. Also, I am building my book collection and I wanted to see if you recommended any books that translate some of these Greek texts that should be considered when translating new bibles. They are confused, just like you, and I. I love studying to see what God has said as clearly as I can, so using all the versions aid me. Adding to this the 34 new readings in NA28, the total number of full disagreements in the 28thedition ofNovum Testamentum Graeceagainst WH1881 is695. The relevant portion says: Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum: in quo nihil immutatum aut corruptum damus, (Roughly Translated: so you hold the text, now received by all, in which nothing (is) corrupt.). The way I see it Jesus is the only 100% true word of God and I need to rely on His Holy Spirit to guide me every time I open the Bible. Wow, if youve stayed to the end I congratulate you on your tenacity. Your treating of the KJV reveals you have little concern for text and more concern for your understanding. No scribal duties for me. I have some controversial articles for which Id prefer not to be doxxed, so Im going to keep my real name off the website. They would say they are incomplete and/or corrupted, so why use them? That means the only support for the Doctrine of (perfect) Preservation is the tradition of men. Are you aware that that is a myth, or at least that that assertion has been shown of many to be false? Tischendorf himself might not have been sure. Medium = Byzantine Text type, characterized by near-identical form over 1000+ years, and most manuscripts are of this type, Long/paraphrase = Western Text type, characterized by its love of paraphrase is like the uncontrolled popular text of Homer. Now consider the mass of evidenceagainstthe concept of tenacity:the hundreds of singular readings that appears in ancient manuscripts, but of which there is no trace in later manuscripts. Apart from a clear indication that such consensus texts were produced by formal recension, it would appear that normal scribal activity and transmissional continuity would preserve in most manuscripts not only a very ancient text, but a very pure line of very ancient text., Source. So the Textus Receptus is definitely a Byzantine text, but far from a purely Byzantine text. It is no exaggeration to say that Codex Vaticanus (B) and Codex Sinaiticus () are the foundation for virtually all modern New Testament Bible translations. A constantly maintained familiarity with New Testament manuscripts themselves is the best training for textual criticism. NETS Committees Accessed March 26, 2011. I see that you are emphasizing carefully the word perfect preservation of Scripture. There is some disagreement on the actual level of quality. I found it reasonably through. Second, Im hoping to steer the discussion on biblical text somewhat in the direction of not completely dismissing the Byzantine text out of hand. As weve just seen, Codex Vaticanus is a mediocre-to-poor quality manuscript. Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. I know there are no exact figures, but there are some historical evidences that give us a good idea. Well, remember how the Western text type was famous for paraphrasing and the quote for it? Notice, Like a Shepherd, appears to be an obvious reference to Jesus given the context. 20. You must log in or register to reply here. Accessed March 26, 2011, 3. I have a few books that help me find such things however, as I am sure you know, if someone has already done much of the legwork it gives you a good place to start. And all flesh shall see it together; I believe God preserved it, Im just dont think the preservation was word-perfect. I found a scribal error and did not want it passed down for the next 100 generations. (Or that other manuscripts were destroyed, which well look at more in a minute.). I just bought a World English Bible.This is where the World English Bible (also known as the WEB Bible) comes to the rescue. How can I claim modern Bibles (well, the Greek/Hebrew from which they are translated) are entirely inerrant unless I have an inerrant text to translate from? KJV Onlyism, in my view, is culturally triumphalist and myopic in that it holds up a particular 17th century English translation of what were originally Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts as the standard. This isnt altogether uncommon with ancient manuscripts, but it does mean some places represent a 10th or 11th century version, not a 4th century version. This consideration revives the view that the Homeric vulgate was in existence before the Alexandrian period [Such] compels us to assume a central, average, or vulgate text. Okay, answering in order then: No, no, not quite since theres the Holy Spirit, no, and because the NASB 95 has superior translation which makes it overall better than other translations based on texts which you might consider superior. And the man who found Codex Sinaiticus (Tischendorf) considered it the greatest find of his life, but still said: So, is there a Scribal preference to add rather than subtract? Given time, Gods promises always hold true. Well, it was Westcott & Hort who said of the Western text: Words and even clauses are changed, omitted, and inserted with surprising freedom, wherever it seemed that the meaning could be brought out with greater force and definiteness. Therefore, it shouldnt be surprising that they basically ignored the Western text type. Introduction to the New Testament in the Original Greek: With Notes on Selected Readings by Westcott & Hort. These different philosophies naturally produced slightly different results, Overall, the Critical Text of the modern Greek New Testament bears a remarkable resemblance to the original work done by Westcott & Hort. (You can use the expandable table of contents at the beginning of the article to jump right to that part.) Source: The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible. Im not. James A. Sanders, founder and president emeritus of the Ancient Biblical . (As weve seen). I knew basically nothing about Textual Criticism before reading this. I think how you can see how they get the Doctrine of Preservation, but it seems quite a stretch. I have to say that spiritually, I agree with your Spoiler Alert and recommendations before I even read them The Holy Spirit truly guides us into all truth! You say, The practice of Textual Criticism is not criticizing the Bible, its trying to recover the Bibles original text. Lets assume for the sake of argument that the Majority Text is essentially identical to the original. I have to say though that this article was a HUGE help in my deciding factor of what to do. Scriveners Textus Receptus is the closest to the Greek text which underlines the KJV. The original texts were written in all capital letters and there were no spaces between the words. (I have articles: the comma belongs, but the Pericope doesnt; though they do include an obelus to indicate doubt on the Pericope, so thats something.). but this clause in red is Origen, the Alexandrian church father in the early third century, said: Origen is of course speaking of the manuscripts of his location, Alexandria, Egypt. By an Alexandrian Church fathers own admission, manuscripts in Alexandria by 200 AD were already corrupt. The scribes line of sight skips from the first instance of the word text to the second instance of the word text, accidentally skipping everything in between (the red text in the example). Its by no means an ironclad argument, but I wouldve been remiss if we didnt talk about it here. His prophecy wont fail. 7 Thou shalt keep them, O LORD, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever. And, finally, when do you hope to see the church rediscover what you believe they have lost? My biggest gripe with the TR is that it includes the story of the woman caught in adultery, despite the text of the story itself proving that its not scripture. Church historian Timothy George says that Erasmus projects terminus a quo was 1504 when he discovered an ancient manuscript by Lorenzo Valla with notes about Pauls Epistles based on various Greek manuscripts. Scrivener in his reconstructed and edited text used as his starting point the Beza edition of 1598, identifying the places where the English text had different readings from the Greek. The principle that the original reading may be found in any single manuscript or version when it stands alone or nearly alone is only a theoretical possibility. That covers the early manuscripts, but what about the later ones? It would be difficult to entrust our salvation in Jesus Christ to the very same God who could not keep His Word pure. Now, because all the oldest manuscripts weve found are of the Alexandrian text type/family, its unsurprising that they ended up with a basically Alexandrian document. Otherwise there is too great a danger of reconstructing a test tube text which never existed at any time or place. This was an interesting article. Virgin Birth NASB KJV NKJV ESV, Not a scholar but just a few thoughts There are three major competing Greek sources to use for translating the New Testament: the Critical Text, the Majority Text, and the Textus Receptus. As surely as God created the stars (more than 200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 in the universe), and has the power to keep one from failing, and even to know everyone of them by name, He has the power to keep the very words He inspired. And all the glory of man as the flower of the grass. Further assume you had two manuscripts to choose from when copying. There may well be one, but I dont know which one. Codex Alexandrius is a very interesting manuscript in that in the Gospels, its a Byzantine text largely, which means it agrees with the majority of manuscripts most of the time. There is a big debate over which line of manuscripts the Apostles used. F.H.A. The question then becomes: If you take the Majority Text theory and apply it to modern times, then theres clearly more copies of the modern Critical Text than the Majority Text. contains the word text An inspired Bible that was not preserved would be little more than a tainted book of history and moral lessons. The reading that explains the existence of other readings should be preferred. Thankyou so much for all your research and sharing your knowledge. 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